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Non-Custodial Staking: Complete Guide

by Coinmetro Editorial Team

November 16, 2024

Introduction

Non-custodial staking allows cryptocurrency holders to participate in network security and earn rewards without giving up control of their assets. Unlike custodial staking, where a third-party service manages your funds, non-custodial staking keeps your assets in your wallet. You control your private keys completely, ensuring your assets remain secure.

This method has gained popularity as more people prioritize the safety and self-management of their crypto holdings. The growing awareness of security risks associated with centralized services has further fueled interest. Non-custodial staking empowers users to contribute directly to the network's consensus process, aligning with the decentralized ethos of blockchain technology.

In this blog you will learn about:

  • What is non-custodial staking?
  • How non-custodial staking works
  • Benefits 
  • Risks and considerations
  • Getting started with non-custodial staking
  • Best practices
What is non-custodial staking?

Non-custodial staking refers to participating in a blockchain's staking mechanism (validating the network) without giving up control of your assets. In this system, your funds remain in your wallet, and you retain full access to your private keys. Doing so contributes to network security and consensus while keeping your crypto secure. The key characteristic of non-custodial staking is the ownership and control you maintain over your assets, which helps reduce security risks.

Difference From Custodial Staking: Custodial staking requires you to hand over control of your funds to a third party, like an exchange or staking pool. This means the service provider manages your private keys and can stake on your behalf. While custodial staking offers convenience, it potentially exposes your assets to risks, such as hacks or mismanagement. In contrast, non-custodial staking ensures that only you can access your funds, making it a more secure choice for long-term asset protection.

How non-custodial staking works

Non-custodial staking lets you lock your crypto assets in a wallet to support a blockchain network. You control your private keys fully, ensuring your assets stay secure. Here’s how it works in detail:

The staking mechanism

When you stake your assets, you delegate them to a validator. The validator then uses your stake to help confirm transactions and maintain network security. Your funds stay in your wallet and are never transferred to the validator or a third party. This keeps your assets safe and under your control.

The role of validators and delegators

Validators: These network participants validate new transactions and create new blocks. They must maintain high uptime and perform well to avoid penalties.

Delegators: As a delegator, you provide your assets to a validator without handing over your private keys. This helps the validator perform its duties and earn a share of the staking rewards. It's essential to pick a reliable validator, as their performance directly impacts your rewards and the risk of penalties.

Overview of staking rewards and penalties

Staking rewards come from newly created tokens or transaction fees. The network distributes these rewards to validators and delegators based on their contributions. However, if a validator fails to perform correctly or acts maliciously, they may face penalties, such as slashing. Slashing refers to reducing the validator’s staked tokens, which can affect your delegated assets.

Carefully choose a trustworthy validator and monitor your stake regularly to maximize rewards and minimize risks.

Benefits of non-custodial staking

Security: Control Over Private Keys: Non-custodial staking keeps your private keys in your hands. You don't need to rely on a third party, reducing the risk of theft from hacking or data breaches. If you maintain proper security measures, your funds remain safe.

Autonomy: Complete Control Over Your Funds: With non-custodial staking, you can move or use your assets whenever you wish. There's no need to ask for permission or wait for approval. You're in charge of your funds and decisions at all times.

Transparency: Clear Interaction with the Blockchain: All transactions and processes are visible on the blockchain when you stake non-custodial. This transparency ensures you can verify operations easily, boosting trust and clarity. You always know what's happening with your staked assets.

Risks and considerations

When engaging in non-custodial staking, it's important to be aware of the potential risks and challenges that can impact your assets and overall staking experience:

Network penalties and slashing

In non-custodial staking, validators must perform their duties reliably. If a validator acts maliciously or fails to operate correctly, networks can impose penalties called "slashing," which may result in a loss of staked funds. For instance, actions like double-signing or being offline for too long can lead to these consequences.

Choosing a reliable validator

Selecting a trustworthy validator is essential. A reliable validator should have a solid history, high uptime, and secure infrastructure. It's crucial to research validator performance and community feedback. Tools like staking dashboards help assess reliability, ensuring you make well-informed choices.

Potential security risks if best practices are not followed

Failing to follow security best practices can put your staked assets at risk. Using unsecured devices or not protecting your private keys can lead to unauthorized access and loss. To improve security, use strong passwords, enable two-factor authentication, and store keys in a hardware wallet. Keeping software updated and staying aware of potential vulnerabilities also reduces risk.

How to get started with non-custodial staking

Getting started with non-custodial staking might seem complex, but with the right steps, you can securely earn rewards while maintaining full control of your assets. Here's a straightforward guide to help you choose the right wallet, select a reliable validator, and effectively manage your stake.

Choose a Compatible Wallet: Pick one that supports non-custodial staking for your cryptocurrency. Make sure it allows you to keep control of your private keys. 

Select a Trustworthy Validator: Research validators with strong performance and high reliability. A good validator should have a proven uptime record and a positive community reputation. Use tools like staking dashboards to compare and choose wisely.

Delegate and Manage Your Stake: Once you pick a validator, delegate your tokens using your wallet's staking feature. Monitor your rewards and the validator's performance. Be aware of unbinding periods during which your tokens are locked and cannot be moved.

Best practices for non-custodial staking

Security Measures for Protecting Your Keys: As mentioned, keeping your private keys secure is essential. Use hardware wallets to store your keys offline, reducing the risk of hacking. Enable two-factor authentication and avoid sharing sensitive information. Regularly back up your keys and keep them in a secure, physical location.

Tips for Selecting the Best Validator: As mentioned above, choose a validator with a strong reputation and reliable performance. Check for validators with high uptime, minimal slashing history, and transparent operations. Use staking platforms to compare validator metrics and make an informed decision. It's also helpful to read community reviews and feedback.

Regularly Monitoring Staking Activity: Staying aware of your staking status is critical. Check your rewards, validator performance, and any changes in the staking protocol. If your validator’s performance declines, consider switching to another one. Monitoring helps ensure your assets remain secure and continue earning optimal rewards.

Final thoughts

Non-custodial staking is a powerful way to earn rewards while maintaining full control over digital assets. However, the process demands a well-informed approach to ensure security and maximize returns. Remember, protecting your private keys is not just a best practice—it's a necessity. Using hardware wallets and strong, unique passwords can make a significant difference in safeguarding your funds.

Selecting a reliable validator is equally crucial. Validators with a proven history of high uptime and security measures will better protect your staked assets. Take the time to research and compare validators using available metrics and community insights, as these decisions can directly impact your rewards and the safety of your stake.

Finally, make it a habit to monitor your staking activity regularly. Monitor your validator's performance, look for network updates, and stay alert to potential risks. By staying proactive and well-informed, you can confidently engage in non-custodial staking, enjoying the benefits while minimizing threats to your assets. Thoughtful, secure practices today can lead to successful and rewarding experiences in the long run.

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